Porcupine Facts (Hystricidae and Erethizontidae)

The porcupine is any of 58 species of large, quill-coated rodents in the families Erethizontidae and Hystricidae. The New World porcupines are in family Erethizontidae and the Old World porcupines are in family Hystricidae. The common name porcupine comes from a Latin phrase that means quill pig. Fast Facts: Porcupine Scientific Name: Erethizontidae, HystricidaeCommon Names: Porcupine, quill pigBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 25-36 inches long with an 8-10 inch tailWeight: 12-35 poundsLifespan: Up to 27 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Temperate and tropical zonesPopulation: Stable or decreasingConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered Description Porcupines have rounded bodies covered with fur in shades of brown, white, and gray. Size varies according to species, ranging from 25 to 36 inches long plus an 8 to 10 inch tail. They weigh between 12 and 25 pounds. Old World porcupines have spines or quills grouped in clusters, while the quills are attached separately for New World porcupines. The quills are modified hairs made of keratin. While they have relatively poor vision, porcupines have an excellent sense of smell. Habitat and Distribution Porcupines live in temperate and tropical regions in North and South America, Africa, southern Europe, and Asia. New World porcupines prefer habitats with trees, while Old World porcupines are terrestrial. Porcupine habitats include forests, rocky areas, grasslands, and deserts. Diet Porcupines are primarily herbivores that feed on leaves, twigs, seeds, green plants, roots, berries, crops, and bark. However, some species supplement their diet with small reptiles and insects. While they do not eat animal bones, porcupines chew on them to wear down their teeth and obtain minerals. Behavior Porcupines are most active at night, but its not unusual to see them foraging during the day. The Old World species are terrestrial, while the New World species are excellent climbers and may have prehensile tails. Porcupines sleep and give birth in dens made in rock crevices, hollow logs, or under buildings. The rodents display several defensive behaviors. When threatened, porcupines raise their quills. The black and white quills make the porcupine resemble a skunk, particularly when its dark. Porcupines chatter their teeth as a warning sound and shiver their bodies to display their quills. If these threats fail, the animal releases a pungent odor. Finally, a porcupine runs backwards or sideways into the threat. While it cannot throw quills, the barbs on the end of the spines help them to stick on contact and make them difficult to remove. The quills are coated with an antimicrobial agent, presumably to protect porcupines from infection resulting from self-injury. New quills grow to replace those that are lost. Reproduction and Offspring Reproduction differs somewhat between Old World and New World species. Old World porcupines are monogamous and breed several times a year. New World species are only fertile for 8 to 12 hours during the year. A membrane closes off the vagina the rest of the year. In September, the vaginal membrane dissolves. Odors from the females urine and vaginal mucus attract males. Males fight for mating rights, sometimes maiming or scarring competitors. The winner guards the female against other males and urinates on her to check her willingness to mate. The female runs away, bites, or tail-swipes until she is ready. Then, she moves her tail over her back to protect her mate from quills and presents her hindquarters. After mating, the male leaves to seek other mates. Gestation lasts between 16 and 31 weeks, depending on the species. At the end of this time, the females usually gives birth to one offspring, but sometimes two or three young (called porcupettes) are born. Porcupettes weigh about 3% of their mothers weight at birth. They are born with soft quills, which harden within a few days. Porcupettes mature between 9 months and 2.5 years of age, depending on the species. In the wild, porcupines typically live up to 15 years. However, they can live to 27 years, making them the longest-lived rodent, after the naked mole rat. Porcupettes are born with flexible quills. Farinosa / Getty Images Conservation Status Porcupine conservation status varies according to species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies some species as least concern, including the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) and long-tailed porcupine (Trichys fasciculata). The Philippine porcupine (Hystrix pumila) is vulnerable, the dwarf porcupine (Coendou speratus) is endangered, and several species have not been evaluated due to lack of data. Populations range from stable to decreasing in number. Threats Threats to porcupine survival include poaching, hunting and trapping, habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and agriculture, vehicle collisions, feral dogs, and fires. Porcupines and Humans Porcupines are eaten as food, especially in Southeast Asia. Their quills and guard hairs are used to make decorative clothing and other items. Sources Cho, W. K.; Ankrum, J. A.; et al. Microstructured barbs on the North American porcupine quill enable easy tissue penetration and difficult removal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (52): 21289–94, 2012. doi:10.1073/pnas.1216441109Emmons, L. Erethizon dorsatum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T8004A22213161. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T8004A22213161.enGuang, Li. Warning Odor of the North American Porcupine. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23 (12): 2737–2754, 1997. doi:10.1023/a:1022511026529Roze, Locke and David Uldis. Antibiotic Properties of Porcupine Quills. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 16 (3): 725–734, 1990. doi:10.1007/bf01016483Woods, Charles. Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 686–689, 1984. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.

The Effects Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation On Children

School should start later in the morning. Do teens know how many problems can come with the lack of sleep? with sleep deprivation comes many long term effects on people s mental and physical health.lacking sleep is a cause of depression, obesity ,and makes it hard to function in school. School shouldn’t start as early as it does.because, it s unhealthy and lowers academic scores. Lack of sleep puts teens at risk for mental and physical issues.Less amounts of sleep put teens at a higher risk for depression,obesity,and motor- vehicle accidents. Overall, short sleepers were 14% more likely to report symptoms of psychological distress on a standard test, effect was especially pronounced among young people who already suffered from anxiety; in this group, lack of sleep triggered more serious mental health problems like full-blown depression.Also lack of sleep can affect teens weight they can even become obese. Losing sleep tends to make people eat more and gain weight, and now a new study suggests that one reason may be the impact that sleep deprivation has on the brain.The research showed that depriving people of sleep for one night created pronounced changes in the way their brains responded to high-calorie junk foods. On days when the subjects had not had proper sleep, fattening foods like potato chips and sweets stimulated stronger responses in a part of the brain that helps govern the motivation to eat. But at the same time, the subjectsShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation : Symptoms And Treatments1417 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiencing sleep deprivation or not having enough sleep will cause one to be frustrated. It is not a decent experience to have. Whenever we have sleep deprivation or have little sleep, we become less productive and not concentrated the next day. As these things happen, bosses will scold us or we will fail our tasks. While we fail, or get scolded, the mood at that moment is always annoying and unsatisfying. People who encounter with lack of sleep will know that having not enough sleep is the mainRead MoreWhy We Need Sleep1376 Words   |  6 PagesWe Need Sleep Sleep is a very important aspect of our lives and people rely on it to re-energize them so they can continue onto the next day. Although sleep is thought to conserve energy it actually drains your metabolism by 5-10%. However, sleep is very beneficial to humans. Sleeping progresses the bodies’ growth and rejuvenates the immune, skeletal, nervous and muscular systems. Sleep also improves short-term memory, mood, efficiency, concentration, and it is actually believed that sleep also helpsRead MoreThe Dangers Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation913 Words   |  4 PagesDangers of Lack of Sleep in Highschoolers Sleep deprivation in high school students is creating a long list of problems in their health and academic areas. Sleep deprivation has been linked to many different health effects, and a major cause of sleep deprivation in high schooler s is the start time of their first morning class. Many different studies have been conducted concerning start times in schools and the current time that schools begin classes, is wreaking havoc on student health. Sleep has beenRead MoreSleep Deprivation1096 Words   |  5 PagesHow Sleep Deprivation Leads to Cardiovascular Disease Sleep Deprivation is a condition where an individual do not meet the required hours of sleep most of the time. It is a common problem among teenagers and adults. Although lack of sleep does not lead to a serious health problem right away, but doing it repetitively can lead to physical and health problems gradually. Sleeping is one of the basic needs that our body makes in order to regenerate good health for both mental and physical aspect. SleepRead MoreSpeech On Sleep Deprivation And College Students1305 Words   |  6 PagesDilan Behrle Topic: Sleep Deprivation Organization: Topically Specific Purpose: Sleep and college students usually don’t tend to get along very well. Sleep and college life often bump heads due to stress, coursework and social activities. This speech will give the students useful information about dangers of not getting enough sleep and also hints on how to get a better nights sleep. INTRODUCTION A. Attention Getter: Did you know 40% of Americans or (100 million people) are moderatelyRead MoreEssay on Who Needs Sleep?1546 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States 40% of car accidents are linked to lack of sleep (Souza). Sleep deprivation is a serious problem; people do not seem to care about or pay attention too. Everyone needs sleep; it is the mind and body’s natural way of restoring itself from a day’s work. There are four stages of sleep and according to The Better Sleep Council the first stage is when the mind is relaxing, and the eyes close. It is easy to wake someone during this stage, and people often feel like they are fallingRead MoreThe Effects Of Lack Of Sleep On Physical Health1361 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Lack of Sleep on Physical Health People think that when they have to finish something they can just stay up late to complete it and lose precious sleep time. In reality, that should not be the case. Millions of people around the world suffer from sleep deprivation. (â€Å"Why Sleep†). Many people look at sleep as a luxury. Some people think that they can skip sleep and depend on coffee. The truth is the human body needs sleep. â€Å"Sleep is essential for a person’s health and wellbeing†Read Moreinformative speech on sleep780 Words   |  3 Pages June 27, 2014 Topic: Long Term effects of Lack of Sleep General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the long term effects of lack of sleep Introduction: I. Attention Gainer: â€Å"Even though we burn more calories when we stay awake, losing sleep is not a good way to lose weight. The light sleepers ended up eating far more than those who get nine hours of sleep.† According to author Tara Parker-Pope of The New York Times publishedRead MorePsychology947 Words   |  4 Pagesentitled Lack of sleep ages body s systems. The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivationRead MoreHow Does Lack Sleep Affect 11-18 Year Old Adolescent?1142 Words   |  5 PagesHow does lack of sleep affect 11-18 year old adolescent? Introduction What is sleep? Sleep is â€Å"A condition of body and mind which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended†. People spend, on average, approximately a third of our life asleep. Along with eating, drinking and breathing, sleeping is one of the pillars for maintaining good mental and physical health.

Childhood Obesity And The United States - 1286 Words

Childhood Obesity in America Since 1980 the rates of child obesity have more than tripled which has caused a growing pandemic of childhood obesity in the United States. Out of all the young children and adolescents within the age group of two through nineteen about 12.7 million are obese. That is the equivalent of about 17% of America’s population that is suffering from childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is too prevalent in all American households. Childhood obesity is detrimental on a national scale, since it has been growing at a steady rate in the United States of children not reaching the daily-recommended physical activity, the absence of a balanced diet with overconsumption of eating, and more critically the increase of type 2 diabetes. Throughout the last twenty years there has been an increasing trend of childhood obesity. The trend of childhood obesity is highly discussed more than ever before because prior to 1980 there was not a pandemic of childhood obesity (Type 2 Diabetes, 2015, para. 2). Moreover, many people lack the knowledge of how harmful childhood obesity is and how it can negatively affect their children in numerous ways. However, it is important to realize that there is more than one factor that leads to childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is an increasing trend that supports a sedentary lifestyle and puts children at risk of social criticism, which can impact a child’s social skills negatively. For example, â€Å"obesity increases the likelihood ofShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : The United States1202 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood obesity is becoming one of the top public health concerns in the United States. â€Å"Over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese† (World Health Organization, 2015). With the drastic inc rease in obese children over the last 30 years and the huge healthcare associated costs many programs and incentivesRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The United States916 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent years, the issue of childhood obesity has gained major attention in the United States especially in the 21st century. The percentage of obesity has raised tremendously within the last decade. In a recent news article, American Obesity Rates Are on the Rise, Maggie Fox states â€Å"about 28 percent of the people in America admits that they are obese.† The United States has become the country with the highest rate of obesity in the world. Besides adults who are obese, obesity is also a common issue toRead MoreChildhood Obesity And The United States Essay1868 Words   |  8 Pagesoccurred called childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is defined as a child having his/her BMI (Body Mass Index) higher than 94% among children in the same age and gender group. One third of American children a re overweight and over 15% are obese (Lanham, 2009). Research and documentation is without dispute, our children are not just overweight, but physically and mentally becoming ill. Specialists are seeing specific life-threatening medical conditions, all associated with childhood weight issuesRead MoreChildhood Obesity And The United States Essay1782 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood Obesity In today’s society, there has been a plethora of achievements in technology, medical advancement, and educational platforms. However, with these new, exciting gateways has come several issues, some of which have become very serious. One of the most important hot button issues is childhood obesity. In fact, statistics show that since the 1970’s, the obesity rate in children’s ages range two to five in the United States, has increased over five percent alone, as well as over tenRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The United States1792 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"President Obama established a Task Force on Childhood Obesity clearly stating his goal to solve the problem of childhood obesity within a generation† (Eschmeyer). Therefore, he launched the Let’s Move campaign where Michelle Obama was the leading spokesperson for. Furthermore, she played an important role in helping to improve the food nutrition policy. As nearly everyone knows the issue of childhoo d obesity has been on the rise in the United States. In fact, children ages 6-19 have a one out ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity: An Epidemic in the United States826 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Between 16 and 33 percent of children and adolescents are obese† states (Children and Teens, 1). Yes, one fourth of all children in the United States are obese, and inevitably this number will continue to rise. Obesity is one of the most obvious conditions to recognize, yet one of the most difficult to treat for quite a few reasons (Children and Teens, 1). Childhood obesity has been an epidemic in the United States for many years, but has recently skyrocketed, due to lack of exercise and unhealthyRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic With The United States Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesReducing Childhood Obesity †¢ Introduction o Childhood obesity has become an epidemic with the United States o The Healthy People 2020 Topic †¢ Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese (Healthy People 2020, 2016). o Definition of Childhood Obesity: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), a child with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex are consideredRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The United States For Children1263 Words   |  6 PagesAshley Phillips English 100-17 Ms. Taylor 25 November 2014 Childhood Obesity Obesity in school-age children is a problem in North Carolina. â€Å"North Carolina is the 23rd most obese state in the United States for children www.eatsmartmovemorenc.com/Data/Texts/Quick%20Facts.pdf – 31.4% of youth in North Carolina are overweight or obese† https://www.healthiergeneration.org/...childhood_obesity/.../north_caroli... (Child Obesity Rate). There is a mandated physical education requirement for school-ageRead MoreEssay on Childhood Obesity in the United States2861 Words   |  12 PagesReview Description of Obesity Problem Childhood obesity is an increasing problem here in the United States. According to Schuab and Marian (2011) â€Å"Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions† (P.553). The prevalence of child obesity and overweight has increased over the last 30 years all over the United States, becoming one of the biggest public health challenges (Moreno, Johnson-Shelton, Boles, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to give a background of the obesity epidemic, a review ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On The United States Today1479 Words   |  6 Pagespediatric obesity now represents one of the most pressing nutritional problems facing children in the United States today. International population studies report comparable rates of increase, so that if current trends remain unchecked, childhood obesity is likely to challenge worldwide public health. Substantial consequences to physical and mental health, both short and long term, must be anticipated. Unfortunately, there is no uniform definition of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity has been

How Far Had the Bolsheviks Created a Totalitarian State...

A totalitarian state, is a where the central government of a state does not tolerate any parties with opposing views and exercises complete dictatorial rule over all or most aspects of life. Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, took many measures in an attempt to create a totalitarian state, including the dissolution of Constituent Assembly, the use of decrees and the establishment of a secret police group called the Cheka. However there were also some ways in which he failed to achieve full totalitarianism. The most basic characteristics of a Totalitarian state, are lack of free speech and state control over the media. This is important to establish social control over the state. Lenins described free speech as bourgeois prejudice,†¦show more content†¦The creation of the secret police and the establishment of the gulags and labour camps, are signs that Lenin had created a successful totalitarian state, and could assert physical control over the people. The introduction of War Communism during the Russian Civil War, is evidence of Russian moving towards a Totalitarian State. Many aspects of War communism were totalitarian in nature. For instance the creation of a Supreme Economic Council, formed to take complete control over the Russian highlights the central control over the most vital aspect of the state, that the Bolsheviks enforced. Other measures include the requisitioning of excess grain from the Peasants. Many of these policies were met with opposition, particularly among the agricultural peasants. This opposition was in turn met with brutal force, which was another example of the nature of complete state authority. War communism continued on until the end of the Civil war, by which time the Bolshevik forces had succeeded in crushing all opposition. The success of the red forces meant that Russia was a step closer in becoming a Totalitarian state, as they were now the most powerful party in Russia, with complete control over all its territory. Upon the creation of the USSR, Lenin introduced new rule that would ensure greater totalitarian control. Only communists would be able to stand for the soviets, and so this meant that the communist party had the true control over theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Was A War Between The Western And Eastern Sides Of The World Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States and the Russian Soviet Union. The war started around 1945 and went on for close to 45 years. The cold war affected more than just the Soviet Union and the United States it affected the whole world. The leaders of the United States were, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight David Eisenhower, and Ronald Wilson Reagan. The primary leader of the Soviet Union was Joseph Stalin. In the paper I will talk about the person Joseph Stalin was and, what he did during the war, how he affectedRead MoreTo What Extent Were the Purges Caused by Stalins Paranoia?4348 Words   |  18 Pagespower and by purging the party inter nally he was able to eliminate any potential enemies. The totalitarian view of the purges is that Stalin’s personality was central to the way the purges were carried out and the extent to which they were carried out. However the revisionists take the view that Stalin’s personality and paranoia is not a sufficient enough reason for the cause of the purges. But just how significant are the other factors? Was Stalin’s paranoia the driving force in the creation ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Karl Marx, A German Philosopher And Economist Born2586 Words   |  11 Pageseconomist born in 1818, had a profound impact on and revolutionised politics, economics and intellectual thought (Calhoun, 2002, pp. 23-24) when he emerged as a revolutionary thinker who denounced the economic and political elites (the Bourgeoisie) and argued Communism was the inevitable destination for society. His abstract view of human history led many to adopt his ideas and led to the formation of self -declared Communist states across four continents. Stalin was a far more divisive figure. HeRead MoreThe Political Past, Present, and Future of Russia Essay3372 Words   |  14 Pages Russia never associated as a democracy in anyones mind. It had always been an authoritarian regime of different species and developed a mentality, which creates an almost unsurpassable obstacle for democratic development. Unlike Britain, which took gradual and methodical steps towards democracy, Russia always had abrupt and extreme changes that always created chaos and significantly slowed down the development of the democratic system. By theRead MoreThe Cold War2194 Words   |  9 PagesAt the conclusion of World War II, the United States of America emerged as the savior of Europe and became one of the leading global political powers of the subsequent age. Behind the â€Å"iron curtain† of Easter Europe, however, another superpower, the Soviet Union, which was seemingly the exact opposite of the United States in every way imaginable, exerted its force to instill and defend communism in its surrounding satellite states. The ideologies of these two countries displayed myriad incompatibilitiesRead MoreDiscussion on Whether Stalin Was a Necessary Evil Essay2325 Words   |  10 Pageseconomic factors because whichever group in society controls the means of production also has political control. Marx believed that historical change was a series of stages that were influenced by economic forces and that each stage had to be completed before the next could begin. In a classes and stateless society, co-operation will replace competition and this final and perfect stage of human history would be communism. In Russia the government was essentially feudalRead MoreEssay about Evaluating the Historical Comparisons of Hitler and Stalin3458 Words   |  14 Pagesthey were able to manipulate the public, had strong ideologies and regimes and between them they were responsible for the deaths of millions of innocent people. Although on the surface these two men were political opposites, Hitler a socialist and Stalin a communist, neither were in fact really either. Instead they used their political stance as a podium to gain power and control. Eventually they both evolved into â€Å"totalitarian dictators† with the ultimate goal of absoluteRead More Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes4636 Words   |  19 PagesAnimal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes This study aims to determine that George Orwells Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of authors life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. ChapterRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesD421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for

Working with vulnerable populations can be very stressful Free Essays

I find that keeping with a predictable routine has a calming effect on my daily life.   It also creates a sense of security and reliability within my relationships with co-workers and clients. This is important as interpersonal relationships should not become an additional source of stress, but instead an integral part of team-building within an organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Working with vulnerable populations can be very stressful or any similar topic only for you Order Now    I would both be a mentor and find a mentor and with reciprocal understanding and direction toward a common goal of doing what is best for the common good, my co-workers and I would help each other work through our similar stresses. I would also be kind but firm with clients and help in any way that is required without taking any clients success or relapse as a personal failure or conversely a thing that I created rather than initiated.   I think it is very stressful to believe that one has total power to change others, as this creates a sense of being that is unrealistic. I will help when I can and do my best to help others in achieving their goals and not take my experiences at work with me when I exit the door to go home.   I will use my personal time to refresh for the next work day. 2.   What specific approaches would you take with your clients? I believe that this depends on the individual client’s goals and particular stage of functioning.   Sometimes, it is necessary to undertake crisis stabilization and make sure that a client is not going to harm him or herself.   This is the primary focus and sometimes demands one to restrain and assist a doctor in medication regulation to get the client to a point to initiate the next step in treatment. Identification of issues and maintenance of levels of functioning and increasing self-efficacy in a clients behavior is necessary in a secondary stage approach to client management. Management on a tertiary stage would include helping with individual growth and development to assist each person to becoming as healthy as possible and at the highest level of functioning possible.   At this point, goal-setting and group therapy would be a good approach. 3.   Do you believe that there are any clients that you would not be able to effectively care for? No, I am a firm believer of Carl Rogers person-centered therapy and the need to assist others with unconditional positive regard.   As a Humanist, I believe that each person should help others achieve what goals they set for themselves and to resist personal judgment on each individuals sense of person, reality, and future.   Since I waive all judgment as a person of this school of thought, I do not foresee having any person that I cannot properly deal with. If for some strange, idiosyncratic reason, I find myself unable to assist a client properly, I would ethically and without sense of failure ask a colleague for assistance.   I do know my limitations and think that only case overload would ever be an issue.   I need to have enough time to devote to each of my clients and would clearly address any issues with overload or any other issue promptly and professionally.    How to cite Working with vulnerable populations can be very stressful, Papers

Diversity in American Families free essay sample

The family in America has come through an elongated way and has evolved a lot ultimately. Liberals and conservatives have their have their diverse views on the American family nowadays. It is extremely tough to bring and organize a family nowadays. Nevertheless, there are a number of easier means to raise a family nowadays as well. Several of the issues that are the subjects of discussion in the evolution of families are divorce and its consequences, welfare, vulgarity on children and wives, and a small number of other resource related matters. The conventional archetype of a family composed of a father, mother and children still holds influence in many parts of America, despite which it now accounts for fewer than 25 percent of the states households. A lot of politicians, clergies and conservative activists hold on to that archetype when they talk in defense of family values. Reports from the Census Bureau shown, that many of all families in America are now headed by unmarried adults. At the present there over 28. 7 million one-person households compared to 24. 1 million households that have a married couples with minor children (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). Family diversity at the present has become the norm in America. The issues of family diversity have been discussed by various people in various media. On common source of such information is found on Journals with various scholars expressing their view through articles or publishing their research findings. Kataoka, Y. , Merle, R. Clementina, M. (2004). Grandparent care giving role in Filipino American families. Journal of Cultural Diversity. 9. 17. September 22, 2004 In their study carried out in Honolulu, Hawaii, they wanted to explore the role American grandparent in care giving of grandchildren. They found out that the Filipino American grandparents observe care giving role to their grand children as a normative practice rather than a burden in which households take on responsibilities like part of cultural beliefs and customs. Roughly about 6 million grandparents are providing care for their grandchildren (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). For the majority of grandparents, caring for their grandchildren has turned out to be a around the clock responsibility that has produced numerous stressors and key life changes. Filipino migrants to the U. S. have the top percentage (27%) of grandparents who are taking care of their own grandchildren under the age of 18 years. When the Filipino nuclear family or extended family immigrates to the U. S. , they generally live together as the family is a main source of emotional, ethical, and economic support. A lot of elders become substitute parents and homemakers for the grandchildren while both parents seek employed. The family cooperatively provides an exceptional kind of care for its members from birth to death. Filipinos sturdily identify with their nuclear and extended family and the requirements and welfare of the family is given a priority over those of the individual. Meezan, W. Rauch, J. (1960). Gay Marriage, Same-Sex Parenting, and Americas Children. The Future of Children Volume 15, Number 2, Fall 2005, pp. 97-113 Discussions over the American family is not novel, nevertheless it has taken on extra passion in the recent years as the U. S. Supreme Court stated that homosexual sex can not be outlawed and Canada went on to acknowledge same-sex marriages. Opponents of same-sex marriage in the U. S. were alarmed by the measures. A number of cities, counties and businesses have adopted domestic-partner policies offering rights and benefits to same-sex pairs and in several cases to single heterosexual persons. The California Senate is currently considering a opposing a bill, passed by the state Assembly, that would give same-sex partners almost the similar spousal rights and freedoms as married couples (Meezan, Rauch, 1960). Same –sex marriage have got numerous issues that many find hard to sort and put a good decision on. For instance, many ask the way it will affect the welfare of children. Some people presume that legalizing such marriages would send the point that same-sex parenting and hetero-sex parenting are identical, when actually they may result to dissimilar outcomes for children. Walker, L. J. Hennig, K. (1997). Parent/child relationships in single-parent families. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science. January 1, 1997 It has been speculated that half of all children born in America in the 1990s spend a part of their young age in single-parent families. The U. S. Bureau of the Census shown that the percent of families in America were single parent is the bread winner increased considerably from 18. 5% of homes in 1970 to 27. 7% in 1999. This increase was accounted for by increasing rates of divorce and a rise in the figure of women who give birth to or adopt kids without being in any kind of marital relationships. Women bearing outside of marital relationships comprised of adolescent mothers and rising numbers of older, more well off women, who have chosen to remain as single parents by either out-of-marriage births or adoption. There are cultural differences in the incidence of single-parent homes in America. For instance, in 1999 the percentage of single-parent families was 56 percent among black homes, 32 percent among Hispanic families, and 20 percent among white families. The elevated rates of black single-parent families was linked to the higher rates of out-of-marriage teenagers childbearing amongst this cluster and increased rates of divorce among black women. Hilfer, A. (2003). Marriage and Divorce in America. American Literary History Volume 15, Number 3, Fall 2003, pp. 592-602 One thorny thing about the American family today is divorce. A recap to the past shows that between 1869 and 1888, divorce rates rose up to one hundred and fifty percent, this worsened between 1960 and 1980 increasing to 250%. Divorce rates spiked in 1981 and then began to turn down a little during late 1980s (Hilfer, 2003). Nonetheless, divorce cases at the present are as many as they have been before. At the present, fifty percent of the total number of marriages in America ends in divorce. Researches have given five main reasons for the increase in divorce. The first one is in contemporary societies; personal happiness is viewed to be imperative so when individuals are unhappy with their marriage, they fall apart and split. The second motive is it is simpler to get divorced financially. The third cause is the recent economic independence among women. The fourth reason is the shame of divorce has gone down thus people are not troubled socially. The fifth reason is the amendment of laws, for instance the no fault laws have throw in to the increases in divorce rates. Divorce does not only affect the main parties; husband and wife however leave a hard consequence on children and over one million children undergo their parental divorce each year. The main effect of divorce to children is parental loss; in both resources and skills, of either one parent or both sometimes. Children are generally more social and formulate an emotional adjustment every time their parents are divorced. Lastly one of the far reaching effects is children from divorced marriages in the long run form less relationships, and if they get married then the likelihood of getting a divorce is lofty. Divorce is thing that is common among all families but it is handled in different ways among the families in the line of ethnicity, religion and races. Marriage is not anymore the key way in which societies normalize sexuality and parenting or categorize the division of labor between women and men. OConnor, T. G. , et al. Family Settings and Childrens Adjustment: Differential Adjustment within and across Families. British Journal of Psychiatry 179 (2001): 110–15. Another matter that is rampant in todays world is step families. It is estimated that 60% of divorcees end up marrying for a second time. Almost one third of children born in the 1990’s have lived in a blended family prior to turning eighteen years old. Nowadays more than 40% of marriages in America have step children (OConnor, et al, 2001). Step families are not at all times a bad thing as sometimes they can make a better environment for the kids. Nonetheless, divorce can actually mess up a child and in a case both parents re-marry as the child will have four people to look up to when they are still young and they wont discern who to believe or what to believe. A key problem with step families is that occasionally a child can be neglected by the step families and grows a distressful life. An additional noticeably insignificant but a real substantial problem with American family is welfare. Since the year 1996, the welfare scheme was changed, for the reason that welfare was becoming a huge burden on tax payers. There were numerous problems for instance, women were given a token to have kids out of wed lock, welfare was not observed as a right, at times welfare is given for five years only, teenage mothers were told to live with parents to receive benefits. Consequently, there had been a lot of reasons and actually some of these exist even today as of which we are having a changed and destroyed American family scheme.

Kosovo Conflict (1633 words) Essay Example For Students

Kosovo Conflict (1633 words) Essay Kosovo ConflictThe Balkans have been a very unstable region for hundreds of years. The reasonfor contention is because of ethnic origin and disputes of which race owns whichland.. That is the reason for the dispute over Kosovo is because of the samething. This is a very complicated situation, that I dont really know everythingabout. I just kind of know the basics. Back in the 1500 hundreds, the Serbsconquered the Kosovo area, slowly and gradually over the years the EthnicAlbanians started occupying the territory, until before the bombing began,Kosovo consisted of 90% Ethnic Albanians. Well, the Serbs didnt like this,especially Milosevic who is the ruler over Serbia. Since Kosovo has manyhistorical ties to the Serbs, and the Serbs conquered that territory back in the1500 hundreds, Milosevic wanted to reclaim their rightful territory. And hismethod to do this was through ethnic cleansing Kosovo. Stats: -Milosevichas been doing this subtlety for years, and as of last fall has increased hiskilling of ethnic Albainians. To date, there are now 200,00 peopledead as a result of Milosevics ethnic cleansing. That is probably a very lowfigure. 100,000 Kosovar men are now missing, which might be the reason for themass graves that have been pictured. Nearly one half a millionpeople have been expelled from their homes, many forced out at gunpoint, whilethe Serbian troops destroyed their identity papers, making them unable to returnto their homes. This flood of refugees have overwhelmed neighboring countries,who are economically weak, and are unable to take in all the refugees. 600,000Kosovars are surviving off the land in mountains nearby. Controversy: -You mightwonder what business the U.S. has in a country on the other side of the world,where it seems to be no political interest whatsoever. That is a bigcontroversery of whether or not NATO should be involved. At first I was againstNATO involvement for just those reasons, why should NATO get involved wherethere would be no benefit to us, because this was more of a humanitarian issue. But as I researched this and read more about it, I am in favor of NATOinvolvement. I believe that we should do everything possible to help stopTyrants from killing innocent people. Which is what was and is occuring inKosovo. -But I am against NATO in who, why and how NATO is handling thisconflict. Who: -NATO is very hypocritical by saying they got involved in thissituation purely because of humanitarian reasons. There have been many occasionswhere the U.S. looked the other way on bigger humanitarian disasters. In WestAfrica, there was a similar ethnic cleansing situation where theU.S. did not get involved. Why: -In the begging, where NATO was on the verge ofbombing Kosovo, Clinton spoke in a public meeting about why we were gettinginvolved. He said, trying to get public approval, that the reason the U.S. isgetting involved is largely an economical reason. He said that this war wouldhelp the U.S. financially. By getting involved, we would become partners withEurope, thus increasing a trade relationship. That is what I am against. I amagainst the U.S./Clinton thinking more about how much money we can get, ratherthan saving innocent lives from being brutally murdered. -After the bombing haddragged on for longer than expected, which was only about a week in somepeoples opinion, the objectives were stated as follows: To stop ethniccleansing, stop flood of refugees into nieghboring countries, stop NATO fromsplitting, prevent Milosevic from strengthening his grip on the Balkanregion. And, after over 2 months of involvement, NATO has not been able tomeet those objectives. -Bob Bennet said that the current bombing has beenno help to the Albanians and Macedonians, who have seen hundreds of thousands ofrefugees flood across the borders into their ill-equipped countries. It has beenof no help to NATO, an alliance that has seen its military stocks drawn down todangerously low levels, with no effects on the atrocities going on in thekilling fields. -One speculated reason to get involved was because of themilitary stategic point in the Balkans. After NATO wins, the U.S. would puttroops in the area to secure it. That was one reason why Russia is against U.S. .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f , .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .postImageUrl , .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f , .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f:hover , .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f:visited , .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f:active { border:0!important; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f:active , .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79f11f61c587c6199d862d2fc844135f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Haha Essayinvolvement. How: This is my biggest controversy to NATOs actions. NATOsstrategy to stop Milosevic from killing innocent people, was to bomb him intosubmission. Military officials predicted this war would last lessthan two weeks. NATO underestimated milosevics tolerance. (VIETNAM CARTOON) Manypeople compare this war to vietnam. The U.S. underestimated what Vietnamise werewilling to take. Also, both sides did not fully explore the possiblity of apeaceful negotiation. After the Vietnam war, there was a study on the conflictwhere a group of researchers tried to find out if there was a better way ofhandling the conflict. They talked with both U.S. government and the vietnamesegovernment, they found that both sides were much more open to negotiations thanpreviously thought. The U.S. just assumed that there was no peaceful solution,and thought bombing would solve all problems. Which in the end, made things muchworse. That is the question being raised in this conflict, could there have beena peaceful negotiation? -quote from New York Times-This century has beenthe bloodiest in history. Over 160 million human beings have been killed invarious conflicts, and that number rises each day. It is a dark history, butunless we look at it and seek to learn from it, it will only get darker.It was once famously said that the United States did not have 10 years ofexperience n Vietnam, but one year of experience 10 times over. Will we say thesame about the Balkans? -This is a quote from a military spokesman,NATO strikes continue to cause serious damage to the Serb military andwill further degrade their capability to commit atrocities against the KosovoAlbanian population We are also seeing increased evidence of ethniccleansing-Same spokesman, same briefing, same day, one minute later. Thisis also a characteristic of Vietnam, where there was very questionable newsbeing sent back to the public. There is very vague reports of what NATO bombed,and how bad the damage was. It doesnt seem as though we are getting all theinformation. There has been much use of double speak in the news. The death ofinnocent men, women and children from bombs and missiles launched by over athousand warplanes are labeled as Unintentional collateral damage. Bakeries and water pumping stations blown to pieces by NATOs barrage aredual-use facilities because soldiers, like civilians, eat and drink. And, of course, deliberate terror bombing is a humanitarian war. -Another big controversy of this war is whether or not to bring in groundtroops. The U.S. did not even consider ground troops before the war began; theydidnt even have the threat of using them. This gave Milosivic the advantage. Without even the threat of ground troops coming in, Milosevic had all thefreedom he wanted to ethnically cleanse Kosovo. Milosevic wasallready killing ethnic albanians before the bombing began, but not to thedegree he was after bombing started. NATO bombing gave the serbs a good reasonto start kicking all the Ethnic Albanians out. So, you could argue that NATOinvolvement has only worstened the situation in Kosovo. The reason why NATOpicked air raids as there strategy to win was because they did not want to loseallied lives. As in Somalia, the U.S. was involved as long as no U.S. soldierslives were not lost. Then in one day, when 15 soldiers died, the U.S. backed outof Somalia. The single most remarkable fact about this war isthis: Not one allied soldier engaged in combat has even been seriously injuredin 2 months of the campaign. Has there ever been such a war anywhere? -Itseems as though NATOs biggest objective in this war is to make sure that noallied lives are lost, not to save t he thousands of Kosovars that are dying andmillions that are going homeless. This is by far my biggest objection to thiswar. If the U.S. is going to get involved in a war, then I believe that weshould do whatever is necessary to accomplish the objectives. In this case, tosave the ethnic albanians. -A recent pole showed that 63% of the American peoplethink that NATO is right in getting involved. When asked about sending in groundtroops this dropped to only 41% thinking that ground troops should be used. Thismeans that the majority of people are allright with being involve in a conflict,just as long as no allied soldiers lives are lost. And this is exactly howClinton is going about this war. Clinton, I believe, is too concern with publicopinion. In general, the average american citizen is not going to have anin-depth knowledge of the Kosovo situation, and what strategy would be the bestto use to save the most amount of lives. -NATO is not even willing to air dropdesperately needed foo d and medicine to the tens of thousands of Albanians stilltrapped inside Kosovo. The reason for this is because the planes would have tofly low and they might be shot down. I guess this didnt apply to the f-117stealth fighter pilot who was shot down over enemy territory. NATO actually gottogether an entire rescue team, flew over enemy territory in a helicopter, muchmore vulnerable than a plane, and rescue the single pilot taking an incrediblerisk of being shot down. Is this supposed to mean that a single allied life isworth more than thousands of albanian lives? My view: -I think that the U.S. .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 , .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .postImageUrl , .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 , .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39:hover , .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39:visited , .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39:active { border:0!important; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39:active , .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39 .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c148175d5b4a6fa2de1f9fd08b9ee39:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Statistics review Essayshould use the Powell strategy used in Desert Storm. To use as much forceas possible to overwhelm the opposition. I believe that a human life isworth the same no matter where that person is from. I believe that if thePresident is not willing to sacrifice allied lives to achieve militaryobjectives, then we have no business.